Potentiometric sensor devices: Current progress in materials, device fabrication and biomedical applications
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Abstract
Potentiometric sensor devices are having a wide range of applications in environmental and biomedical fields. Due to the recent developments in the carbon nanomaterials there has been many inventions of potentiometric sensor devices. This review aims to provide an updates on recent innovations in various nanomaterials as sensing components used in potentiometric sensor devices. The review also covers the various methods and conditions used to develop these sensor nanomaterials with appropriately decorated by functional groups. Various groups have reported that graphene and CNTs are the widely used carbon nanomaterials in these sensors. Reduced graphene oxide along with traditional platinum electrodes are used to monitor algae growth in an aquatic ecosystem. Here the addition of reduced-graphene increases the selectivity and precision of the potentiometric sensor. The review also describe the fabrication and also the mechanism of sensing of carbon composite based glucose sensors, sweat sensors and pH sensors which are used for monitoring a human body. Sweat sensors are the ion-sensors which use carbon nanoparticles for high selectivity. Porous graphene oxide is also one of the highly used carbon nanomaterials which shows high selectivity towards different types of chemicals under certain conditions. PANI/Graphene/CNT nanocomposite based potentiometric sensor is used to detect hazardous 4-aminophenol in the surrounding area. Using nanocomposite increases the selectivity and gives a high current response in the I-V graph. The granular nature of InVO4 is used in the fabrication of ammonia sensors. Formaldehyde is one of the commonly found adulterations in the food. A biosensor has been fabricated using CNTs-Fe3O4 nanocomposite to detect the formaldehyde in the foods. Finally the review summarises the merits and limitations of various potentiometric sensors developed for different biomedical applications.
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Potentiometric sensor, Graphene, CNT, Ion-selective electrodes, Biosensors, Wearable sensors, pH sensors
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