Bioderived magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from Argyreia nervosa leaf extract for efficient electrochemical biosensing of pesticide

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology is the branch of science that deals with materials ranged between 1-100 nm; these materials are called bionanomaterials, and these materials exhibit unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties that make them different from the bulk material, as well as nanomaterials; in other words, nanobiotechnology is the interface between biology and nanotechnology. Properties of bionanomaterials help them find a variety of applications in the biomedical, agricultural, and environmental domains. In this work, we have utilized leaves extract of Argyreia Nervosa (AN), a medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and ergoline) that can be used to cure ringworm, eczema, swelling, and many other skin diseases. Further, the AN leaves extract was utilized to synthesize magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by using the mixed precursor salt (ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate) in this work. After nanoparticles synthesis, it was initially characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta-potential, and FTIR. Then as-prepared nanoparticle was electrodeposited using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on ITO (Indium tin oxide)-glass substrate and characterized using FTIR and AFM to confirm deposition. After deposition on ITO substrate, immobilization of pesticide-specific enzyme was carried out. Further, characterization in this work is needed, namely TEM, SEM, AFM, XRD, and electrochemical analysis (cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)). The desired work is novel for synthesizing magnetic iron nanoparticles and their utilization for fabricating electrochemical biosensor devices for pesticide detection. In this study, we have focused on fabricating an enzyme-biosensor for the determination of pesticides. Hence, this opens a new avenue for developing nanobiosening devices through a greener and sustainable approach that is green/bioinspired/bioderived synthesis of nanomaterials that utilizes phytochemicals, not toxic chemicals.