Cognitive Mechanism of a Metaphor
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Published
Feb 3, 2024
D.U. Ashurova
M.R. Galieva
Abstract
This article analyses metaphors from a cognitive perspective, exploring their role in conceptualisation and
interpretation of world knowledge. We argue that, despite extensive research, the cognitive mechanisms
underlying metaphors remain under-studied. This study primarily focuses on the cognitive processes involved
in constructing and interpreting conceptual metaphors. It highlights critical aspects of Cognitive Linguistics,
including the theory of conceptual integration and blending, and the interpretative potential of linguistic
expressions. The central hypothesis suggests that metaphorical projection is facilitated by various cognitive
mechanisms. Furthermore, conceptual metaphors represent different types of knowledge structures, marking
them as an interpretative type of linguistic signs. Their interpretative potential is due to the interplay of
linguistic and cognitive mechanisms, instrumental in metaphor construction and the emergence of new
meanings.
How to Cite
D.U. Ashurova, & M.R. Galieva. (2024). Cognitive Mechanism of a Metaphor. SPAST Reports, 1(1). Retrieved from https://spast.org/ojspath/article/view/4635
Article Details
Keywords
Conceptual metaphor, conceptual-mental domain, metaphorical projection, image-schemas, inference, emergence
References
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Kognitivno-semiologicheskaya sinergetika slova
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D. Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – M.: Progress,
– P. 5-32 (in Russian)
Ashurova D.U. (2018), Conceptual Metaphor in the
Literary Text//Filologiya masalalari. Scientificmethodological journal. Tashkent, №1. – P.32-36
Belyayevskaya Ye.G. (2017) Interpretatsiya znaniy o mire
v jazyke: metody izucheniya (Interpretation of
Knowledge about the World in Language: Methods of
Study)//Interpretatsiya mira v yazyke: collective
monograph. – Tambov: TSU named after G.R.
Derzhavin,. – P. 82-157 (in Russian)
Boldyrev N.N. (2019) Jazyk i sistema znaniy. Kognitivnaya
teoriya yazyka (Language and Knowledge System.
Cognitive Theory of Language). – Moscow, YASK. –
480 p. (in Russian)
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Sinclair John. –London; Glasgow, HarperCollins
Publishers. – 1728 p.
Dem'yankov V.Z. (1994). Kognitivnaya lingvistika kak
raznovidnost' interpretiruyushchego podkhoda
(Cognitive Linguistics as an Interpretative
Approach)//Voprosy yazykoznaniya, – №4. – P. 17-33
(in Russian)
Evans V., Green M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics. An
Introduction. – Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press,– 830 р.
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Integration//Discourse and Cognition: Bridging the
Gap. – Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, – P.269-283
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Transformations). – Moscow,– 768 p. (in Russian)
Gak V.G. 1988 Metafora: universal'noye i spetsifichnoye
(Metaphor: Universal and Specific Features)// Metafora
v jazyke i rechi. - Moscow: Nauka,. – 176 p. (in
Russian)
Gal'perin I.R. 1977. Stylistics. – Moscow, Higher School, –
332 p.
Gibbs R.W. 1(994)The Poetics of Mind. – Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press,. – 509 p.
Iriskhanova O.K. 2014. Igry fokusa v jazyke. Semantika,
sintaksis i pragmatika defokusirovaniya (Focus Games
in Language. Semantics, Syntax and Pragmatics of
Defocusing). – Moscow, YASK,– 320 p. (in Russian)
Kövecses Z. 2002. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. –
Oxford: Oxford University Press,– 400 p.
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Dictionary of Cognitive Terms)//Ye. S. Kubryakova, V.
Z. Dem'yankov, Yu. G. Pankrats, L. G. Luzina. Ed. by
Ye. S. Kubryakova, – Moscow, Faculty of Philology,
Moscow State University named after M.V.
Lomonosov, – 245 p. (in Russian)
Kubryakova E.S. 2001. O tekste I kriteriyakh yego
opredeleniya//Tekst. Struktura isemantika) (Text and
criteria of its definition). –T1. – Moscow,–P. 72-81 (in
Russian)
Lakoff G., Johnson M. 2008. Metafory, kotorymi my
zhivem (Metaphors We Live By). –Moscow: LKI,– 256
p. (in Russian)
Lakoff G., Johnson M. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. –
Chicago: University of Chicago Press,– 242 р.
Langacker R.W. 1998. An Overview of Cognitive
Grammar//Topics in Cognitive Linguistics//Ed. by
Rudzka-Ostin B. – Amsterdam: Philadelphia, – P.3-48
Levin S. 1990. Pragmatic Deviance// Theory of Metaphor.
Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova
and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress,– P. 342-
387
Lingvisticheskiy1990. Entsiklopedicheskiy Slovar'
(Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary). Ed. by V. N.
Yartseva. –2-nd ed.. – Moscow, Sovetskaya
entsiklopediya, – 685 p.
MacCormak E. 1990. A Cognitive theory of metaphor//
Theory of Metaphor. Collection of scientific articles/
Ed. N. D. Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya. –
Moscow: Progress,– P. 358-386
Maslova V. A. 2004. Vvedeniye v kognitivnuyu lingvistiku
(Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics). – M.: Flinta,
Nauka,– 293 c. (in Russian)
Miller G.A. 1990. Images and Models, Similes and
Metaphors// Theory of Metaphor. Collection of
scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova and M. A.
Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress, – P. 236-283
Petrov V.V. 1990. Metafora: ot semanticheskikh
predstavleniy k kognitivnomu analizu (Metaphor: from
Semantic Representations to Cognitive
Analysis)//Voprosy yazykoznaniya,– №3. – P. 135-146
(in Russian)
Richards I. 1990.The Philosophy of Rhetoric//Theory of
Metaphor. Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D.
Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya – Moscow,
Progress, – P.44-67
Ricoeur P. 1990. The Metaphorical Process as Cognition,
Imagination and Feeling// Theory of Metaphor.
Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova
and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress,– P. 416-
434
Teoriya metafory,1990. (The Theory of Metaphor):
Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova
and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress, – 512 p.
(in Russian)
Wierzbicka A. 1990. Comparison – Gradation -
Metaphor)//Theory of Metaphor/Ed. by N.D.
Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow:
Progress,– P. 133-152
Yurkov Ye. 2012. Ye. Metafora v aspekte
lingvokul'turologii (Metaphor in the Aspect of Cultural
Linguistics): Abstract of DSc in Philology. SanktPeterburg.– 348 p. (in Russian)
Zherebilo T.V. 2010.Slovar' lingvisticheskikh terminov
(Dictionary of Linguistic Terms). – Nazran': Piligrim,–
486 p. (in Russian)
Kognitivno-semiologicheskaya sinergetika slova
(Language, Сognition and Сulture. Cognitive and
semiological Synergetics of the Word). – Volgograd:
Peremena, – 228 p. (in Russian)
Al'bekov N.N. (2015), Emerdzhentnost' kak ob"yekt
sovremennoy nauki (Emergence as an Object of
Modern Science)//Sovremennyye problemy nauki i
obrazovaniya, №2. P.1. https://scienceeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=21089 (in Russian)
Arutyunova N. D. (1990). Metafora i diskurs (Metaphor
and Discourse) // Metaphor theory: Collection / Ed. N.
D. Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – M.: Progress,
– P. 5-32 (in Russian)
Ashurova D.U. (2018), Conceptual Metaphor in the
Literary Text//Filologiya masalalari. Scientificmethodological journal. Tashkent, №1. – P.32-36
Belyayevskaya Ye.G. (2017) Interpretatsiya znaniy o mire
v jazyke: metody izucheniya (Interpretation of
Knowledge about the World in Language: Methods of
Study)//Interpretatsiya mira v yazyke: collective
monograph. – Tambov: TSU named after G.R.
Derzhavin,. – P. 82-157 (in Russian)
Boldyrev N.N. (2019) Jazyk i sistema znaniy. Kognitivnaya
teoriya yazyka (Language and Knowledge System.
Cognitive Theory of Language). – Moscow, YASK. –
480 p. (in Russian)
Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary. Ed.by
Sinclair John. –London; Glasgow, HarperCollins
Publishers. – 1728 p.
Dem'yankov V.Z. (1994). Kognitivnaya lingvistika kak
raznovidnost' interpretiruyushchego podkhoda
(Cognitive Linguistics as an Interpretative
Approach)//Voprosy yazykoznaniya, – №4. – P. 17-33
(in Russian)
Evans V., Green M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics. An
Introduction. – Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press,– 830 р.
Fauconnier G., Turner M. (1998). Principles of Conceptual
Integration//Discourse and Cognition: Bridging the
Gap. – Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, – P.269-283
Gak V.G. 1998. Jazykovyye preobrazovaniya (Language
Transformations). – Moscow,– 768 p. (in Russian)
Gak V.G. 1988 Metafora: universal'noye i spetsifichnoye
(Metaphor: Universal and Specific Features)// Metafora
v jazyke i rechi. - Moscow: Nauka,. – 176 p. (in
Russian)
Gal'perin I.R. 1977. Stylistics. – Moscow, Higher School, –
332 p.
Gibbs R.W. 1(994)The Poetics of Mind. – Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press,. – 509 p.
Iriskhanova O.K. 2014. Igry fokusa v jazyke. Semantika,
sintaksis i pragmatika defokusirovaniya (Focus Games
in Language. Semantics, Syntax and Pragmatics of
Defocusing). – Moscow, YASK,– 320 p. (in Russian)
Kövecses Z. 2002. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. –
Oxford: Oxford University Press,– 400 p.
Kratkiy slovar' kognitivnykh terminov1996. (A Short
Dictionary of Cognitive Terms)//Ye. S. Kubryakova, V.
Z. Dem'yankov, Yu. G. Pankrats, L. G. Luzina. Ed. by
Ye. S. Kubryakova, – Moscow, Faculty of Philology,
Moscow State University named after M.V.
Lomonosov, – 245 p. (in Russian)
Kubryakova E.S. 2001. O tekste I kriteriyakh yego
opredeleniya//Tekst. Struktura isemantika) (Text and
criteria of its definition). –T1. – Moscow,–P. 72-81 (in
Russian)
Lakoff G., Johnson M. 2008. Metafory, kotorymi my
zhivem (Metaphors We Live By). –Moscow: LKI,– 256
p. (in Russian)
Lakoff G., Johnson M. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. –
Chicago: University of Chicago Press,– 242 р.
Langacker R.W. 1998. An Overview of Cognitive
Grammar//Topics in Cognitive Linguistics//Ed. by
Rudzka-Ostin B. – Amsterdam: Philadelphia, – P.3-48
Levin S. 1990. Pragmatic Deviance// Theory of Metaphor.
Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova
and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress,– P. 342-
387
Lingvisticheskiy1990. Entsiklopedicheskiy Slovar'
(Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary). Ed. by V. N.
Yartseva. –2-nd ed.. – Moscow, Sovetskaya
entsiklopediya, – 685 p.
MacCormak E. 1990. A Cognitive theory of metaphor//
Theory of Metaphor. Collection of scientific articles/
Ed. N. D. Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya. –
Moscow: Progress,– P. 358-386
Maslova V. A. 2004. Vvedeniye v kognitivnuyu lingvistiku
(Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics). – M.: Flinta,
Nauka,– 293 c. (in Russian)
Miller G.A. 1990. Images and Models, Similes and
Metaphors// Theory of Metaphor. Collection of
scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova and M. A.
Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress, – P. 236-283
Petrov V.V. 1990. Metafora: ot semanticheskikh
predstavleniy k kognitivnomu analizu (Metaphor: from
Semantic Representations to Cognitive
Analysis)//Voprosy yazykoznaniya,– №3. – P. 135-146
(in Russian)
Richards I. 1990.The Philosophy of Rhetoric//Theory of
Metaphor. Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D.
Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya – Moscow,
Progress, – P.44-67
Ricoeur P. 1990. The Metaphorical Process as Cognition,
Imagination and Feeling// Theory of Metaphor.
Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova
and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress,– P. 416-
434
Teoriya metafory,1990. (The Theory of Metaphor):
Collection of scientific articles/ Ed. N. D. Arutyunova
and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow, Progress, – 512 p.
(in Russian)
Wierzbicka A. 1990. Comparison – Gradation -
Metaphor)//Theory of Metaphor/Ed. by N.D.
Arutyunova and M. A. Zhurinskaya. – Moscow:
Progress,– P. 133-152
Yurkov Ye. 2012. Ye. Metafora v aspekte
lingvokul'turologii (Metaphor in the Aspect of Cultural
Linguistics): Abstract of DSc in Philology. SanktPeterburg.– 348 p. (in Russian)
Zherebilo T.V. 2010.Slovar' lingvisticheskikh terminov
(Dictionary of Linguistic Terms). – Nazran': Piligrim,–
486 p. (in Russian)
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