Fabrication of Cellulose Capped MnxOy−Ag Nanocomposites and Investigation of Its Oxidative and Antibacterial Efficacy in Water Environment
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Abstract
Water pollution is a major problem threatening the living community. Due to industrialization water resources have been contaminated with toxic pollutants. In addition, scarcity of water for a long time makes it a problem of great concern. The significant contaminants added into water sources as effluents include an array of organic and inorganic dyes. Dyes are colorants used in textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, paint, ink, photographic and paper industries. In textile industry, during the dyeing process, about 15% of the total world production of dyes is lost and released in the textile effluents [1]. Discharging of the untreated textile effluents into water is one of the major sources of water contamination. The presence of dyes in water reduces light penetration and hinders photosynthesis in aquatic plants [2]. Among others the organic dye methylene blue (MB) is widely used in many field of technologies now-a-days, however, it causes various diseases, for example, permanent burns to the eyes of humans and animals, nausea, vomiting, allergy profuse sweating, mental confusion and others in human body [3].
Fig.1. Sources and impacts of dye effluents in aquatic environment and human body
As a result, the public health and environmental quality has prompted a special interest in developing and implementing various materials and methods for removing the toxic organic and inorganic pollutants particularly organic dyes from water. Firstly, advanced oxidation technologies have attracted considerable attention as an emerging technology leading to the total mineralization of most of the organic pollutants. As manganese (Mn) oxides are powerful oxidants having high-reducing potential, thus in pollution remediation purposes, land-born natural Mn-ores, synthetic nascent state Mn-oxides, and materials coated/modified with Mn-oxides as oxidants for degradation of organic pollutants re widely used [4]. On the other hand, silver (Ag) is a natural and powerful antimicrobial agent which has been extensively investigated for applications in home to biomedical engineering [5-7]. Recently, nanoparticle (NP) form of Ag has attracted tremendous attention due to their high catalytic, antibacterial and biosensing properties instead of their bulk states [8-10]. However, agglomeration of Ag NP is a major drawback of its uses. If the NPs can be capped, the agglomeration can then be prevented and thus able to provide their high potential with the enhanced surface area. In this study, cellulose capped MnxOy-Ag nanocomposites (NCs) were fabricated and examined its oxidative and antibacterial efficacy in water environment. MnxOy NPs and capped MnxOy-Ag NCs were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of Mn(II) acetate under suitable temperature [11] and a simple chemical deposition method. Chemical deposition of Ag NP on MnxOy was carried out by reduction of Ag+ ion from aqueous solution of AgNO3 with NaBH4 and stabilized thus formed Ag NPs with carboxymethyl cellulose. The prepared MnxOy-Ag NCs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques to study the structural, morphological and chemical composition of the matrix. The synthesized MnxOy-Ag matrices showed spherical shape and the average crystallite size of ~30 nm. The antimicrobial activities of the MnxOy-Ag were assessed against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms by the peer-reviewed standard methods. UV-Visible spectroscopic technique was employed to investigate the oxidative degradation of organic dyes MB present in water by MnxOy-Ag matrix and found the MB to be completely decolorized from their aqueous solution in acidic media, thus demonstrates the high efficacy of the MnxOy-Ag matrix towards dye removal and antibacterial activity.
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